TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN BASIC SCHOOL USING PROJECTS: DIDACTIC FOUNDATIONS OF ORGANIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

Abstract

Summary. Introduction. The article examines the topical problem of implementing project-based learning (PBL) in the mathematics educational process in Ukrainian basic schools. The project method, after a long period of underutilization in the domestic educational space, is once again in the focus of educators' attention due to its powerful potential for developing essential competencies such as independence, critical thinking, teamwork skills, and goal-setting abilities.

Purpose. The article aims to examine the theoretical foundations, didactic requirements, and specific components of methodological support for implementing project-based learning in the mathematics educational process in basic schools.

Methods. To achieve the objective of the article, methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization, and concretization were applied.

Results. The authors develop approaches to understanding mathematics teaching using projects as a method of participants' interaction aimed at motivated achievement of consciously set goals. Four main target dominants of such learning are identified: demonstrating practical application of mathematics, increasing motivation through research activities, developing critical thinking and 21st-century skills, and preparing students for adult life challenges. The article systematizes general didactic requirements for project-based learning across components: goals, content, organizational process, and learning outcomes. The necessity of considering age-specific characteristics of students in primary school, grades 5-6, and grades 7-9 when organizing project activities is substantiated. A specific example of the mathematical project "Progressions Around Us" for grade 9 is developed with detailed descriptions of situations, roles, products, and implementation stages. A system for assessing student achievements across three result groups is proposed.

Conclusions. Teaching mathematics using projects is a powerful tool for transforming the educational process in basic schools, responding to contemporary challenges. Implementation requires adherence to a complex of didactic requirements and consideration of students' age-specific characteristics.