FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE FORMATION OF GENERAL COMPETENCES OF DOCTORAL CANDIDATES: ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY AND LEGAL BASIS AND UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS

Abstract

Summary. This paper focuses on studying advanced foreign experience in acquiring and developing of general competences by doctoral candidates during their postgraduate training.

Based on the analysis of EU regulatory and advisory documents governing the training of doctoral candidates, particularly the development of general competences, as well as the recommendations of the European University Association and the study of foreign experience in implementing these recommendations into the national education systems of EU countries and educational-scientific doctoral degree programs, it has been established that the development of general competencies in different national education systems is considered an essential component of doctoral candidates educational and scientific training.

The systematization and generalization of foreign experience have made it possible to identify several leading trends in acquiring and developing the studied competences during doctoral candidate training. These include: active collaboration between higher education providers and enterprises in defining a relevant set of general competences for doctoral candidates that will help them in building a successful career; development of relevant educational programs; applied nature of dissertation research and internships; participation in industry-specific projects; a wide range of resources for diagnosing the current level of certain general competences for doctoral candidates; flexibility of general competences' development programs; focus on building an individual trajectory for the development of universal competences; formation of doctoral candidates' awareness of the importance of acquiring and developing competences different from special (professional, subject) competences as a prerequisite for their successful implementation both within the academic staff and apart from it.