USE OF MODERN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE TRAINING OF FUTURE NURSES IN THE CONTEXT OF DEGREE EDUCATION

Abstract

Summary. Introduction. The implementation of medical reforms in Ukraine largely depends on the quality of medical personnel training in higher education institutions. Recently, interest in improving the professional training of future healthcare workers, in particular nurses, is stipulated not only by the deterioration of the population’s health, the growth of primary morbidity, the increase in the number of chronic pathologies and the wounded in connection with military operations on the territory of Ukraine, but also to the shortage of health professionals in general. The shortage of nurses is extremely acute at the level of primary health care. Ukraine also has an outflow of nursing personnel from the healthcare sector abroad, active participation of nurses in military operations at the front as paramedics and work directly in military hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In view of this, there is an urgent need to revise the system of training future mid-level health providers. In addition to successfully training nurses in the bachelor’s degree, who are simple performers in the role of physician assistants, higher education institutions need to actively work on their training in the master’s degree, who will be able to conduct scientific analysis, show initiative in implementing innovations, be able to managerial and administrative work in healthcare institutions, etc.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the influence of leading methodological approaches on the formation of nurses’ professionalism and the quality of their training in institutions of higher medical education.

Methods. Theoretical analysis of scientific sources, collection and grouping of research material, modeling.

Results. The need to update the educational process in higher medical schools on the basis of the application of various modern methodological approaches in general and in the process of training future nurses in particular is substantiated. The classifications of methodological approaches to education in higher medical schools proposed in the scientific literature are analyzed. The essence of the competency-based, activity-based, personality-oriented, informational, ethnopedagogical, cultural, and systemic approaches is revealed in detail. According to the results of the study, the competency-based approach was established to be the most important among them, which is based on the formation of a number of general and professional competencies in future professionals. However, a greater result in the education of students of higher medical institutions can be achieved only by combining elements of several approaches simultaneously. For example, the competency-based approach should be combined with elements of activity, personality-oriented and informational ones. The study results show that the introduction of an informational approach to the training of future nurses maximally contributes to the formation of digital competence in them, which is an important component of a key competency, i.e. professional one. The article proposes options for combining elements of different methodological approaches for both undergraduate and graduate medical students. During the study of the scientific problem, the “Framework of Digital Competence of a Healthcare Worker of Ukraine” state document presenting the components of medical professionals’ digital competence grouped into five areas with five components in each has been analyzed.

Conclusion. Thus, the main methodological approaches to training future nurses in higher education institutions are personality-oriented, activity-based, competency-based, informational, systemic, axiological, synergistic, acmeological ones. Leading approach among them is the competency-based one. The results of the theoretical analysis of scientific sources show that methodological approaches in the training of future nurses should be applied comprehensively.